Solar Payback & ROI Calculator

Assumes all generated electricity is valued at the entered tariff.

This selection changes review context only. Formulas and example inputs stay unchanged. Check the model assumptions and applicability for the actual process.

Identify the actual asset, process, work boundary, source documents, units and assumptions. Confirm that the selected model or template applies before using its results.

1 Inputs

Minimum: 0.1

Minimum: 0

Minimum: 0

Minimum: 100

Minimum: 0

Minimum: 0 · Maximum: 100

Minimum: 0

Minimum: 0 · Maximum: 100

Minimum: 1 · Maximum: 40

Minimum: 0

2 Results

Simple payback
9.2 yrs
Net cost after 0% credit
$450,000
25-yr lifetime savings
$1,670,483
Net present value (NPV)
$344,053
Return on investment
271%
Capital cost / lifetime energy
$0.055/kWh
Iₙ = I(1−c); PB = Iₙ/S₁; NPV = Σ Sₜ/(1+r)ᵗ − Iₙ
Assumes all generated electricity is valued at the entered tariff. Incentives default to zero and require confirmation. Capital cost per lifetime kWh excludes operating costs, so it is not full LCOE; verify yield, self-consumption and export tariffs.

Worked example

Example values are illustrative. Replace them with your measured data.

InputValue
System size250 kW
Cost entry$ per watt
Installed cost ($/W)1.8 $/W
Total installed cost450000 $
Specific yield1400 kWh/kW/yr
Electricity rate0.14 $/kWh
Incentive / credit (confirmed)0 %
Utility escalation3 %/yr
Panel degradation0.5 %/yr
Analysis period25 yr
Discount rate6 %

Simple payback: 9.2 yrs

Related tools

In one line

Assumes all generated electricity is valued at the entered tariff. Incentives default to zero and require confirmation. Capital cost per lifetime kWh excludes operating costs, so it is not full LCOE; verify yield, self-consumption and export tariffs.

Worked example

EXAMPLE

Illustrative values (the calculator defaults), not data from a real site.

Inputs
System size250 kW
Cost entry$ per watt
Installed cost ($/W)1.8 $/W
Total installed cost450000 $
Specific yield1400 kWh/kW/yr
Electricity rate0.14 $/kWh
Incentive / credit (confirmed)0 %
Utility escalation3 %/yr
Panel degradation0.5 %/yr
Analysis period25 yr
Discount rate6 %
Results
Simple payback9.2 yrs
Net cost after 0% credit$450,000
25-yr lifetime savings$1,670,483
Net present value (NPV)$344,053
Return on investment271%
LCOE$0.055/kWh

Frequently asked questions

What is a typical solar payback period?

Well-sited commercial PV usually pays back in 4–8 years after the 30% ITC, then produces near-free power for 20+ more years. Payback shortens with higher electricity rates, more sun (specific yield) and lower install cost.

What is LCOE?

Levelized cost of energy is the net system cost divided by the total kWh it produces over its life — the true per-kWh cost of your own solar. If LCOE is below your utility rate, every kWh the array makes saves money.

Does this include the tax credit and depreciation?

It applies the federal Investment Tax Credit (default 30%) to the net cost. It does not model MACRS accelerated depreciation, which can add meaningfully to the tax benefit for businesses, so your real return is typically better than shown.

What specific yield should I use for my location?

Specific yield depends heavily on your location's sunlight and the array's tilt, orientation and shading — sunnier, well-oriented sites see higher yield than cloudier or poorly-oriented ones. Use a site-specific tool like PVWatts or your installer's own modeling rather than a generic assumption for a decision you'll actually act on.

Why do NPV and simple payback sometimes disagree?

Simple payback only asks when you get your money back and ignores everything after that point plus the time value of money, so two systems with the same payback year can have very different NPVs if their production and escalation profiles differ. NPV is the more complete decision metric — positive NPV means the project beats your chosen discount rate over its full life.

How sensitive is the result to the utility escalation assumption?

Fairly sensitive, since it compounds every year over a 20–25 year analysis period — a higher assumed escalation rate makes solar look better because it's displacing electricity that would otherwise keep getting more expensive. Use a conservative, defensible escalation rate if you want the result to hold up under scrutiny.

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