Arc Flash Incident Energy Estimator

Educational Lee-model sensitivity calculation only.

This selection changes review context only. Formulas and example inputs stay unchanged. Check the model assumptions and applicability for the actual process.

Identify the actual asset, process, work boundary, source documents, units and assumptions. Confirm that the selected model or template applies before using its results.

1 Inputs

Minimum: 0.1

Minimum: 0.1

Minimum: 0.01

Minimum: 50

2 Results

Illustrative Lee-model energy
4.75 cal/cm²
At working distance
455 mm
Clearing time
200 ms
E(cal/cm²) = 2.142 × 10⁶ × V(kV) × I(kA) × t(s) / (4.184 × D(mm)²)
Educational Lee-model sensitivity calculation only. It is not an IEEE 1584 study, PPE selection or work boundary. Real equipment geometry, arc current and protective-device operation require a qualified arc-flash assessment before work planning.

Worked example

Example values are illustrative. Replace them with your measured data.

InputValue
System voltage0.48 kV
Bolted fault current20 kA
Arc clearing time0.2 s
Working distance455 mm

Illustrative Lee-model energy: 4.75 cal/cm²

References

Related tools

About this calculator

How it works

You enter system voltage (kV), bolted fault current (kA), arc clearing time (s) and working distance (mm). The tool applies the Lee method, E = 2.142×10⁶ × V × I_bf × t ÷ D², to estimate incident energy in cal/cm², and solves the same equation for the distance where energy falls to 1.2 cal/cm² to give the arc-flash boundary.

Worked example (illustrative inputs)

With 0.48 kV, 20 kA, 0.2 s and 455 mm: E = 2.142×10⁶ × 0.48 × 20 × 0.2 ÷ 455² ≈ 19.9 cal/cm². The boundary is √(2.142×10⁶ × 0.48 × 20 × 0.2 ÷ 1.2) ≈ 1,851 mm.

How to read the result

The energy is mapped to bands: up to 1.2 minimal, then PPE Category 1 (4), 2 (8), 3 (25), 4 (40), and above 40 no live work. 19.9 cal/cm² falls in Category 3. Clearing time enters linearly, so halving it halves the energy.

When to use it

Use it to triage panels and to see how much a faster protective device would cut energy. It is a conservative screening estimate, not a label: labels and PPE selection need a full IEEE 1584 study.

À propos de ce calculateur

Traduction (brouillon) — à relire.

Fonctionnement

Vous saisissez la tension du réseau (kV), le courant de défaut franc (kA), le temps d'élimination de l'arc (s) et la distance de travail (mm). L'outil applique la méthode de Lee, E = 2,142×10⁶ × V × I_bf × t ÷ D², pour estimer l'énergie incidente en cal/cm², puis résout la même équation pour la distance où l'énergie tombe à 1,2 cal/cm², ce qui donne la frontière d'arc.

Exemple chiffré (valeurs d'illustration)

Avec 0,48 kV, 20 kA, 0,2 s et 455 mm : E = 2,142×10⁶ × 0,48 × 20 × 0,2 ÷ 455² ≈ 19,9 cal/cm². La frontière vaut √(2,142×10⁶ × 0,48 × 20 × 0,2 ÷ 1,2) ≈ 1 851 mm.

Lire le résultat

L'énergie est classée par paliers : jusqu'à 1,2 minimal, puis EPI catégorie 1 (4), 2 (8), 3 (25), 4 (40), et au-delà de 40 aucun travail sous tension. 19,9 cal/cm² correspond à la catégorie 3. Le temps d'élimination intervient de façon linéaire : le diviser par deux divise l'énergie par deux.

Quand l'utiliser

Utilisez-le pour trier les tableaux et voir combien une protection plus rapide réduirait l'énergie. C'est une estimation de dépistage prudente, pas une étiquette : l'étiquetage et le choix des EPI exigent une étude IEEE 1584 complète.

حول هذه الحاسبة

ترجمة (مسودة) — للمراجعة.

طريقة الحساب

تُدخل جهد الشبكة (kV) وتيار القصر المباشر (kA) وزمن إخماد القوس (s) ومسافة العمل (mm). تطبّق الأداة طريقة Lee، أي E = 2.142×10⁶ × V × I_bf × t ÷ D²، لتقدير الطاقة الساقطة بوحدة cal/cm²، ثم تحلّ المعادلة نفسها لإيجاد المسافة التي تنخفض عندها الطاقة إلى 1.2 cal/cm²، وهي حدود القوس الكهربائي.

مثال محسوب (قيم توضيحية)

مع 0.48 kV و20 kA و0.2 s و455 mm: ‏E = 2.142×10⁶ × 0.48 × 20 × 0.2 ÷ 455² ≈ 19.9 cal/cm². والحدود = √(2.142×10⁶ × 0.48 × 20 × 0.2 ÷ 1.2) ≈ 1851 mm.

قراءة النتيجة

تُصنَّف الطاقة في شرائح: حتى 1.2 ضئيلة، ثم فئة معدات الوقاية 1 (4) و2 (8) و3 (25) و4 (40)، وما فوق 40 يُمنع العمل والمعدات موصولة بالتيار. قيمة 19.9 cal/cm² تقع في الفئة 3. يدخل زمن الإخماد خطيًا، فخفضه إلى النصف يخفض الطاقة إلى النصف.

متى تستخدمه

استخدمها لفرز اللوحات ولمعرفة مقدار ما يخفضه جهاز حماية أسرع من الطاقة. هذا تقدير فحص متحفّظ وليس ملصقًا: الملصقات واختيار معدات الوقاية تتطلّب دراسة IEEE 1584 كاملة.

In one line

Educational Lee-model sensitivity calculation only. It is not an IEEE 1584 study, PPE selection or work boundary. Real equipment geometry, arc current and protective-device operation require a qualified arc-flash assessment before work planning.

Worked example

EXAMPLE

Illustrative values (the calculator defaults), not data from a real site.

Inputs
System voltage0.48 kV
Bolted fault current20 kA
Arc clearing time0.2 s
Working distance455 mm
Results
Incident energy19.9 cal/cm²
PPE categoryPPE Category 3 (25 cal/cm²)
Arc-flash boundary1,851 mm (1.85 m)
At working distance455 mm
Clearing time200 ms

Frequently asked questions

Can I use this result on an arc-flash label?

No. NFPA 70E requires labels and PPE selection to come from a documented incident-energy analysis, typically an IEEE 1584-2018 study that models your specific equipment, bus configuration and protective-device coordination. This calculator is a fast screening estimate only.

Where do I get the bolted fault current and clearing time?

Bolted fault current usually comes from a short-circuit study or the utility/switchgear documentation; clearing time comes from the time-current trip curve of the upstream breaker or fuse at that fault current. If you don't have either, treat this as a rough what-if rather than a site-specific answer.

Why is clearing time so important?

Incident energy is directly proportional to clearing time in the Lee formula — a relay or fuse that clears twice as fast roughly halves the incident energy. That's why fast-trip settings, maintenance-mode switches and current-limiting fuses are some of the most effective ways to reduce arc-flash risk without changing equipment.

Why does the calculator say it over-predicts at low voltage?

The Lee method was derived for open-air arcs and is known to run conservative, especially below roughly 1 kV, compared to the empirically-derived IEEE 1584 model used for arc-in-a-box scenarios in switchgear and panels. That conservatism is intentional for a screening tool, but it means the real energy in an enclosed low-voltage panel may differ from the Lee estimate.

What working distance should I use?

Use the distance from the potential arc source to where a worker's face and chest would be while performing the task — 455 mm (18 inches) is a common default for low-voltage panel work, but always use the actual distance for the specific task and equipment.

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